How Late Is Family Fare Open on Christmas Eve

"Christmas dark" redirects here. For the album by the Cambridge Singers, see Christmas Dark.

Evening or unabridged day before Christmas Twenty-four hours

Christmas Eve
Christmas Eve, an 1878 painting by J. Hoover & Son
As well called	Christmas Evening Christmas Vigil Solar day before Christmas Night before Christmas
Observed by	Christians Many non-Christians[1]
Type	Christian, cultural
Significance	Solar day or evening preceding the traditional birthday of Jesus
Observances	Gift shopping, souvenir giving, goodwill greetings, Midnight Mass, other church services, meals, preparations for the arrival of Christmas gift-bringers, preparing for Christmas
Date	24 December (Western Churches and Eastern Orthodox churches that employ the Revised Julian Calendar) 5 Jan (Armenian Apostolic Church) six January (Eastern Orthodox Churches that follow the Erstwhile Julian Calendar and near Oriental Orthodox Churches) eighteen January (Armenian Patriarchate of Jerusalem)[2] [3]
Frequency	Annual
Related to	Christmas Solar day, Christmastide, New year's Eve, New Year'due south Day

Christmas Eve is the evening or entire day before Christmas Day, the festival commemorating the birth of Jesus.^[four] Christmas Day is observed around the world, and Christmas Eve is widely observed as a full or partial holiday in anticipation of Christmas Day. Together, both days are considered one of the most culturally pregnant celebrations in Christendom and Western society.

Christmas celebrations in the denominations of Western Christianity have long begun on Christmas Eve, due in part to the Christian liturgical mean solar day starting at sunset,^[five] a practice inherited from Jewish tradition^{[half dozen]} and based on the story of Creation in the Book of Genesis: "And there was evening, and there was morning – the first twenty-four hours."^[7] Many churches yet ring their church bells and hold prayers in the evening; for example, the Nordic Lutheran churches.^[8] Since tradition holds that Jesus was born at night (based in Luke 2:vi-8), Midnight Mass is celebrated on Christmas Eve, traditionally at midnight, in commemoration of his birth.^[ix] The idea of Jesus being born at night is reflected in the fact that Christmas Eve is referred to as Heilige Nacht (Holy Night) in German, Nochebuena (the Expert Night) in Spanish and similarly in other expressions of Christmas spirituality, such as the song "Silent Night, Holy Dark".

Many other varying cultural traditions and experiences are also associated with Christmas Eve around the world, including the gathering of family unit and friends, the singing of Christmas carols, the illumination and enjoyment of Christmas lights, trees, and other decorations, the wrapping, exchange and opening of gifts, and full general preparation for Christmas Mean solar day. Legendary Christmas souvenir-bearing figures including Santa Claus, Male parent Christmas, Christkind, and Saint Nicholas are also often said to depart for their annual journeying to deliver presents to children around the world on Christmas Eve, although until the Protestant introduction of Christkind in 16th-century Europe,^[10] such figures were said to instead deliver presents on the eve of Saint Nicholas' feast twenty-four hour period (half dozen December).

Religious traditions [edit]

Western churches [edit]

Midnight Mass is held in many churches toward the end of Christmas Eve, often with dim lighting and traditional decorative accents such as greenery

Roman Catholics and high church building Anglicans traditionally celebrate Midnight Mass, which begins either at or sometime before midnight on Christmas Eve. This anniversary, which is held in churches throughout the world, celebrates the birth of Christ, which is believed to take occurred at night. Midnight Mass is popular in Poland (pasterka) and Republic of lithuania (piemenėlių mišios).

In contempo years some churches take scheduled their "Midnight" Mass as early equally vii pm.^{[ citation needed ]} This better suits the young children, whose choral singing has go a popular feature in some traditions. In Spanish-speaking areas, the Midnight Mass is sometimes referred to as Misa de Gallo, or Missa do Galo in Portuguese ("Rooster'due south Mass"). In the Philippines, the custom has expanded into the nine-day Simbang Gabi, when Filipinos attend dawn Masses (traditionally beginning effectually 04:00 to 05:00 PST) from 16 December, continuing daily until Christmas Eve. In 2009 Vatican officials scheduled the Midnight Mass to beginning at ten pm and then that the 82-year-onetime Pope Bridegroom XVI would not have also tardily a night.^[11]

A nativity scene may exist erected indoors or outdoors, and is composed of figurines depicting the baby Jesus resting in a manger, Mary, and Joseph.^[12] Other figures in the scene may include angels, shepherds, and diverse animals. The figures may be fabricated of any textile,^[13] and arranged in a stable or grotto. The Magi may besides appear, and are sometimes non placed in the scene until the week following Christmas to account for their travel time to Bethlehem. While well-nigh dwelling house nativity scenes are packed away at Christmas or presently thereafter, birth scenes in churches commonly remain on display until the feast of the Baptism of the Lord.^[13]

Whilst information technology does not include any kind of Mass, the Church of Scotland has a service beginning just before midnight, in which carols are sung. The Church of Scotland no longer holds Hogmanay services on New Year'due south Eve, nonetheless. The Christmas Eve Services are still very popular. On Christmas Eve, the Christ Candle in the center of the Appearance wreath is traditionally lit in many church services. In candlelight services, while singing Silent Nighttime, each member of the congregation receives a candle and passes along their flame which is first received from the Christ Candle.

Advent wreath, lighting the candle

Lutherans traditionally do Christmas Eve Eucharistic traditions typical of Germany and Scandinavia. "Krippenspiele" (Nativity plays), special festive music for organ, vocal and brass choirs and candlelight services make Christmas Eve one of the highlights in the Lutheran Church building calendar.

Christmas Vespers are popular in the early evening, and midnight services are besides widespread in regions which are predominantly Lutheran. The old Lutheran tradition of a Christmas Vigil in the early morning time hours of Christmas 24-hour interval (Christmette) can notwithstanding be found in some regions. In eastern and eye Germany, congregations still continue the tradition of "Quempas singing": separate groups dispersed in diverse parts of the church building sing verses of the vocal "He whom shepherds in one case came Praising" (Quem pastores laudavere) responsively.

Methodists celebrate the evening in different ways. Some, in the early evening, come to their church to celebrate Holy Communion with their families. The mood is very solemn, and the only visible calorie-free is the Advent Wreath, and the candles upon the Lord's Table. Others celebrate the evening with services of light, which include singing the song Silent Night equally a variety of candles (including personal candles) are lit. Other churches have belatedly evening services perhaps at 11 pm, then that the church tin celebrate Christmas Twenty-four hours together with the ringing of bells at midnight. Others offer Christmas 24-hour interval services too.

The annual "Nine Lessons and Carols", broadcast from King's Higher, Cambridge on Christmas Eve, has established itself a Christmas custom in the United Kingdom.^[14] It is broadcast outside the Uk via the BBC World Service, and is also bought by broadcasters around the earth.^[14]

Eastern churches [edit]

Declaration of the Virgin Mary Greek Orthodox Cathedral, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

In the Byzantine Rite, Christmas Eve is referred to as Paramony ("training"). Information technology is the concluding day of the Nascence Fast and is observed as a twenty-four hours of strict fasting by those devout Byzantine Christians who are physically capable of doing so. In some traditions, nothing is eaten until the first star appears in the evening sky, in commemoration of the Star of Bethlehem. The liturgical celebration begins earlier in the day with the commemoration of the Royal Hours, followed past the Divine Liturgy combined with the celebration of Vespers, during which a large number of passages from the Old Attestation are chanted, recounting the history of salvation. After the dismissal at the end of the service, a new candle is brought out into the center of the church and lit, and all assemble circular and sing the Troparion and Kontakion of the Banquet.

In the evening, the All-Nighttime Vigil for the Feast of the Nativity is composed of Great Compline, Matins and the First Hour. The Byzantine services of Christmas Eve are intentionally parallel to those of Good Friday, illustrating the theological point that the purpose of the Incarnation was to make possible the Crucifixion and Resurrection. This is illustrated in Eastern icons of the Nativity, on which the Christ Child is wrapped in swaddling clothes reminiscent of his burying wrappings. The child is as well shown lying on a stone, representing the Tomb of Christ, rather than a manger. The Cavern of the Nascency is also a reminder of the cavern in which Jesus was buried.

The services of Christmas Eve are also similar to those of the Eve of Theophany (Epiphany), and the 2 Swell Feasts are considered one commemoration.

In some Orthodox cultures, after the Vesperal Liturgy the family returns home to a festive meal, but 1 at which Orthodox fasting rules are even so observed: no meat or dairy products (milk, cheese, eggs, etc.) are consumed (see below for variations according to nationality). Then they return to the church building for the All-Dark Vigil.

The next forenoon, Christmas Day, the Divine Liturgy is celebrated once more, but with special features that occur only on Great Feasts of the Lord. Subsequently the dismissal of this Liturgy, the true-blue customarily greet each other with the kiss of peace and the words: "Christ is Built-in!", to which the one being greeted responds: "Glorify Him!" (the opening words of the Catechism of the Nascence that was chanted the night before during the Vigil). This greeting, together with many of the hymns of the feast, continue to be used until the leave-taking of the feast on 29 December.

The first three days of the feast are specially solemn. The second day is known as the Synaxis of the Theotokos, and commemorates the function of the Virgin Mary in the Birth of Jesus. The third day is referred to only as "the Third Day of the Nativity". The Saturday and Sun following 25 December have special Epistle and Gospel readings assigned to them. 29 Dec celebrates the Holy Innocents.

Byzantine Christians notice a festal menstruum of twelve days, during which no one in the Church fasts, even on Wednesdays and Fridays, which are normal fasting days throughout the rest of the yr. During this time one feast leads into another: 25–31 Dec is the afterfeast of the Nativity; ii–5 Jan is the forefeast of the Epiphany.

Meals [edit]

Bulgaria [edit]

In Bulgaria, the meal consists of an odd number of lenten dishes in compliance with the rules of fasting. They are usually the traditional sarma, bob chorba (bean soup), fortune kravai (pastry with a fortune in information technology; as well chosen bogovitsa, vechernik, kolednik), stuffed peppers, nuts, dried fruit, boiled wheat.^[fifteen] The repast is oftentimes accompanied with wine or Bulgaria's traditional alcoholic drinkable rakia, in the past olovina (a blazon of homemade rye beer). The meals used to exist put on acme of hay, directly on the floor, together with a ploughshare or a coulter.^[16]

Czechia [edit]

In the Czech Republic, fasting on the 24-hour interval of Christmas Eve (or merely eating meatless food) is a medieval tradition. The belief is that if one lasted until Christmas dinner, they would run into a aureate pig, which is a symbol of luck. A typical Christmas breakfast is a sweet braided bread vánočka. Christmas Eve dinner traditionally consists of a carp (baked or fried) and a potato salad.^[17]

France [edit]

In French-speaking places, Réveillon is a long dinner eaten on Christmas Eve.

Guam and the Northern Marianas [edit]

In Guam and the Northern Marianas, dishes include shrimp kelaguen; kokosnoot crab; and kadon octopus (octopus stewed in sweetness peppers and coconut milk). Beef is a rarity, but a popular dish is tinaktak, ground beefiness in coconut milk.^[18]

Italy [edit]

While other Christian families throughout the earth celebrate the Christmas Eve repast with diverse meats, Italians (especially Sicilians) celebrate the traditional Catholic "Feast of the Seven Fishes" which was historically served afterwards a 24-hour fasting period. Although Christmas fasting is no longer a popular custom, some Italian-Americans still enjoy a meatless Christmas Eve feast^[19] and attend the Midnight Mass. In diverse cultures, a festive dinner is traditionally served for the family unit and shut friends in omnipresence, when the first star (usually Sirius) appears in the heaven.

Latin America [edit]

• In Peru, a big, juicy turkey is the star for Noche Buena.^[20]

• In Venezuela, hallacas are usually the staple dish for Noche Buena alongside of either ham or pork leg known equally "pernil", panettone, rum and "Ponche Crema" (a grade of alcoholic eggnog). The night is usually accompanied past traditional Christmas music known as "aguinaldos"; in Venezuela, the traditional music is known as joropo.^[21]

Lithuania [edit]

Further information: Kūčios

Lithuanian Christmas Eve tabular array with kūčiukai

Lithuanian Christmas Eve blends pagan and Christian traditions, equally initially information technology was a celebration of the winter solstice.^[22] Traditionally, Lithuanians believed that animals could talk on that night, and it was possible to predict the future with charms and various games.^[23] Kūčios ("Holy Repast") is the most important effect of the year and family reunion. Dead relatives are remembered with an empty plate set at the table.^[24] The banquet starts afterward the ascension of the evening star.^{[25] [ unreliable source? ]} No products made from meat, milk and alcohol are allowed during the Kūčios.^{[26] [ unreliable source? ]} In all, 12 dishes are served, all of them rustic, fabricated from grains, fish, dried fruit or mushrooms including kūčiukai. Modest biscuits soaked in poppy seed milk are served.^{[ citation needed ]} Later on the dinner is over the tabular array is left uncleared overnight for the feast of vėlės (spirits or soul).^{[27] [ unreliable source? ] [28]}

Poland [edit]

A tradition similar to Italy (Wigilia, or 'Christmas Vigil') exists in Poland. The number of dishes is traditionally 12, just has been an odd number in the past.^[29] According to the Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego (Etymological Dictionary of the Smooth Language) by Aleksander Brückner, the number of dishes was traditionally related to social class: the peasants' vigil consisted of 5 or 7 dishes, the gentry usually had 9, and the aristocracy, 11 dishes, but the fifty-fifty number 12 is also institute today to think the Twelve Apostles. It is obligatory to try a portion of all of them. Some traditions specify that the number of guests cannot be odd.^{[30] [31]}

In Poland, gifts are unwrapped on Christmas Eve, as opposed to Christmas Solar day. Information technology comes from fusing the traditions of Saint Nicholas 24-hour interval (six December) and Christmas. In the past, gifts were opened on the morn of Saint Nicholas 24-hour interval.^{[ citation needed ]}

Russia [edit]

Rozhdenstvenskiy sochelnik (Russian: Рождественский сочельник) was a common Eastern Orthodox tradition in the Russian Empire, but during the era of the Soviet Matrimony it was profoundly discouraged as a result of the official atheism of the one-time regime.

In modern-day Russia, the church has a service on that day, simply the commemoration itself has not still regained its popularity among the people. Instead of the Christmas Eve, New Yr'south Eve is considered to exist a traditional family celebration featuring the New Twelvemonth tree.

Serbia [edit]

Candles on Christmas Eve 2010

In accord with the Christmas traditions of the Serbs, their festive meal has a copious and diverse choice of foods, although information technology is prepared according to the rules of fasting.

Likewise as a round, unleavened loaf of bread and salt, which are necessary, this meal may incorporate roast fish, cooked beans, sauerkraut, noodles with ground walnuts, honey, and wine.

Families in some Slavic countries get out an empty place at the table for guests (alluding to Mary and Joseph looking for shelter in Bethlehem).

Ukraine [edit]

In Ukraine, Sviatyi Vechir (Ukrainian: Святий Вечір, Holy Evening) is traditionally celebrated with a meatless twelve-dish Christmas Eve supper, or the Holy Supper (Ukrainian: Свята Вечеря, Sviata Vecheria). The principal attributes of the Holy Supper in Ukraine are kutia, a poppy seed, honey and wheat dish, and uzvar, a beverage made from reconstituted dried fruits. Other typical dishes are borscht, varenyky, and dishes made of fish, phaseolus and cabbage.

The twelve dishes symbolize the Twelve Apostles. Just every bit in Poland, information technology is obligatory to try a portion of all of the dishes. The table is spread with a white cloth symbolic of the swaddling wearing apparel the Child Jesus was wrapped in, and a large white candle stands in the middle of the tabular array symbolizing Christ the Light of the Globe. Adjacent to it is a round loaf of bread symbolizing Christ Breadstuff of Life. Hay is frequently displayed either on the tabular array or as a decoration in the room, reminiscent of the manger in Bethlehem.

Gift giving [edit]

Christmas presents nether the Christmas tree

During the Reformation in 16th- and 17th-century Europe, many Protestants changed the gift bringer to the Christ Child or Christkindl, and the date of giving gifts inverse from 6 December to Christmas Eve.^[32] It is the night when Santa Claus makes his rounds delivering gifts to proficient children. Many trace the custom of giving gifts to the Magi who brought gifts for the Christ child in the manger.

In Republic of austria, Croatia, the Czech republic, Finland, Republic of hungary, and Slovakia, where Saint Nicholas (sv. Mikuláš/szent Mikulás) gives gifts on six Dec, the Christmas gift-giver is the Child Jesus (Ježíšek in Czech, Jézuska in Hungarian, Ježiško in Slovak and Isusek in Croatian).^[33]

In about parts of Republic of austria, the Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, and Switzerland, presents are traditionally exchanged on the evening of 24 December. Children are ordinarily told that presents were brought either by the Christkind (German for Christ child),^[34] or past the Weihnachtsmann. Both leave the gifts, only are in most families not seen doing so. In Germany, the gifts are also brought on 6 Dec past "the Nikolaus" with his helper Knecht Ruprecht.

Christmas tree with presents hanging on the tree

In Estonia Jõuluvana, Finland Joulupukki, Denmark Julemanden, Norway Julenissen and Sweden Jultomten, personally meets children and gives presents in the evening of Christmas Eve.^{[35] [36]}

In Argentina, Austria, Brazil, Colombia, the Czech republic, Denmark, Estonia, the Faroe Islands, Republic of finland, France, Deutschland, Republic of hungary, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Quebec (French Canada), Romania, Uruguay, Slovakia, Slovenia, Sweden, and Switzerland, Christmas presents are opened by and large on the evening of the 24th – following German tradition, this is also the practice among the British Royal Family since it was introduced by Queen Victoria and Albert, Prince Espoused^{[37] [38]} – while in Italy, the United States, the Britain, Republic of Ireland, Malta, English language Canada, South Africa, New Zealand and Australia, this occurs mostly on the morning of Christmas Day.

In other Latin American countries, people stay awake until midnight, when they open the presents.

In Kingdom of spain, gifts are traditionally opened on the forenoon of 6 January, Epiphany day ("Día de Los Tres Reyes Magos"),^[39] though in another countries, like Mexico, Argentina and Uruguay, people receive presents both around Christmas and on the morning of Epiphany day.

In Belgium and the netherlands Saint Nicholas or Sinterklaas and his companion Zwarte Piet deliver presents to children and adults alike on the evening of 5 Dec, the eve of his nameday.^[forty] On 24 December they get to church or watch the late-night Mass on Idiot box, or have a meal.^{[ citation needed ]}

Christmas Eve around the earth [edit]

Christmas Eve is historic in different means around the world, varying by country and region. Elements common to many areas of the world include the attendance of special religious observances such as a midnight Mass or Vespers and the giving and receiving of presents. Along with Easter, Christmastime is one of the most of import periods on the Christian calendar, and is ofttimes closely connected to other holidays at this time of yr, such as Advent, the Feast of the Immaculate Conception, St. Nicholas Day, St. Stephen's Solar day, New Year's, and the Feast of the Epiphany.

Celebrations [edit]

Amid Christians, too as non-Christians who celebrate Christmas, the significant amount of vacation travel, and travel back to family unit homes, that takes place in the lead-up to Christmas means that Christmas Eve is besides ofttimes a fourth dimension of social events and parties, worldwide.^{[41] [42] [43] [44] [45]}

Farther data on Christmas Eve traditions around the world: Christmas worldwide

In Jewish civilisation [edit]

Nittel Nacht is a name given to Christmas Eve by Jewish scholars in the 17th century.

In contemporary American-Jewish culture [edit]

With Christmas Mean solar day a work holiday throughout the United States, in that location is a space of unfilled free time during which much of American commerce and society is not functioning, and which tin give ascent to a sense of loneliness or alienation for American Jews.^{[46] [47] [48] [49] [50]}

Jews also typically do not appoint in the family gathering and religious worship activities that are central to Christmas Eve for Christians.^[51]

Typical contemporary activities have usually been limited to "Chinese and a movie"^{[52] [53] [54]}—consuming a repast at a Chinese eating place, which tend to be open for business organisation on the Christmas holiday, and watching a picture at the theater or at home, stereotypically a rerun of It's a Wonderful Life.^{[50] [55] [56] [57]}

Since the 1980s a diverseness of social events for young Jews have sprung up, and become popular, on Christmas Eve.^[58] These include the Matzo Brawl, The Brawl, and a number of local events organized by Jewish communities and local Jewish Federations in Due north America.^[47]

Further information on Christmas Eve social events for young Jews in North America: Matzo Ball

In Chinese culture [edit]

In Mandarin, Christmas Eve is called Píng'ān yè ( 平安夜 , "peaceful night", etymologically from the Chinese championship of the Christmas carol Silent Night). People substitution apples, because the word for "apple" ( 苹 ( píng ) 果) is a rhyming wordplay with "peace" ( 平 ( píng ) 安).^[59]

In Inuit culture [edit]

In Inuit territories, Christmas Eve is chosen Quviasukvik. The Inuit celebrate it as their new year.^{[60] [61] [62]}

Latin America [edit]

For Latin American cultures, Christmas Eve is oftentimes the biggest feast for the Christmas season. Typically a dinner is served with the family, sometimes after attending the tardily Mass known as Misa de Gallo. Some regions include a fasting earlier midnight dinner.^[63] In much of Latin America the evening consists of a traditional family dinner for the adults. In some areas Christmas Eve marks the last evening of the Posadas celebrations.^[64]

Cuba [edit]

In Republic of cuba, roasted sus scrofa (lechón) is often the center of Christmas Eve (Nochebuena).^[65] It is believed that the tradition dates dorsum to the 15th century when Caribbean area colonists hunted downwards pigs and roasted them with a powerful flame.^[66]

In Cuban and Cuban-American tradition, the squealer is sometimes cooked in a Caja China, a large box where an entire sus scrofa is placed below hot coals.^[67] The dinner features many side dishes and desserts, and frequently games of dominoes are played. The tradition is connected by Cuban families in Florida and the United States.^[68] The dinner on the 24th, Christmas Eve itself, is the center of the celebration. That day — it may likewise be 31 — for many information technology is important to wear a new piece of clothing, be it a jacket or underwear.

The Cuban family does not have a stock-still time for dinner. It is necessary, yes, in most of the Isle, to take it as a family, and information technology is expected to exist all at the table to start tasting the frijoles negros dormidos [sleeping black beans] and the arroz blanco desgranado y reluciente [shredded white rice], the yuca con mojo [Cuban side dish fabricated by marinating yuca root (also known as cassava) in garlic, sour orange, and olive oil], the roasted pork or the blimp or unfilled guanajo that, along with homemade desserts, such as Christmas fritters, and a wide range of sweets in syrup and Spanish nougat. The visit to the archipelago of Pope John Paul II, in 1998, promoted the Cuban Country, in a gesture of goodwill, to declare Dec 25 once again every bit a holiday, which had stopped happening for several decades.

New Mexico [edit]

In New Mexico and areas of San Diego, CA, Christmas Eve (nochebuena) is celebrated by lighting luminarias and farolitos.

Philippines [edit]

In the Philippines, the traditional dinner is served at midnight after the family attends the late evening Mass known every bit Misa de Gallo (sometimes referred to every bit Misa de Aguinaldo, "Gift Mass"). Conventional dishes served for the primary course include: lechón, pancit, sweet-tasting spaghetti, fried craven, jamón, queso de bola, arróz caldo, lumpia, turkey, relyenong bangús (blimp milkfish), adobo, steamed rice, and diverse breads such every bit pan de sal. Desserts include úbe halayá, bibingka, membrilyo, fruit salad, various rice- and flour-based pastries, water ice cream, and fruits, while popular beverages are tsokolate besides equally coffee, soda, wine, beer, alcoholic drinks, and fruit juices.

Historical events [edit]

A cross, left near Ypres in Kingdom of belgium in 1999, to commemorate the site of the 1914 Christmas Truce. The text reads 1914—The Khaki Chum'southward Christmas Truce—85 Years—Lest We Forget.

A number of historical events take been influenced by the occurrence of Christmas Eve.

Christmas truce [edit]

During Earth War I in 1914 and 1915 at that place was an unofficial Christmas truce, specially between British and German troops. The truce began on Christmas Eve, 24 Dec 1914, when German troops began decorating the area effectually their trenches in the region of Ypres, Belgium, for Christmas. They began by placing candles on copse, and so connected the celebration by singing Christmas carols, most notably Stille Nacht ("Silent Night"). The British troops in the trenches across from them responded by singing English carols. The two sides shouted Christmas greetings to each other. Soon there were calls for visits across the "No man's land" when modest gifts were exchanged. The truce besides immune a animate space during which recently killed soldiers could be brought back behind their lines by burial parties. Funerals took place every bit soldiers from both sides mourned the dead together and paid their respects. At i funeral in No Man's State, soldiers from both sides gathered and read a passage from Psalm 23. The truce occurred in spite of opposition at higher levels of the military control. Earlier in the autumn, a telephone call by Pope Benedict Fifteen for an official truce between the warring governments had been ignored.

Apollo eight reading from Genesis [edit]

On 24 Dec 1968, in what was the nearly watched television broadcast to that appointment, the astronauts Beak Anders, Jim Lovell and Frank Borman of Apollo 8 surprised the world with a reading of the Creation from the Book of Genesis as they orbited the Moon.^[69] Madalyn Murray O'Hair, an atheist activist, filed a lawsuit under the Establishment Clause of the Commencement Amendment.^[70] The trial court dismissed the lawsuit, which was upheld on appeal.^[71]

In 1969, the U.s. Post issued a stamp (Scott# 1371) commemorating the Apollo viii flight around the Moon. The stamp featured a detail of the famous photo, Earthrise, of the Earth "rising" over the Moon (NASA epitome AS8-14-2383HR), taken by Anders on Christmas Eve, and the words, "In the beginning God...".

Run across too [edit]

• Christmas Twenty-four hours
• Nativity of Jesus
• Santa Claus
• Winter holiday flavour
• Réveillon

References [edit]

1. ^ Christmas as a Multi-organized religion Festival—BBC News. Retrieved 24 November 2011.
2. ^ "Christmas is here- yet again!The Holy Land is unique in celebrating Christmas three times; on December 25th, January 6th and January 19th". JPost.
3. ^ Ramzy, John. "The Glorious Feast of Nativity:? 29 Kiahk? 25 December?". Coptic Orthodox Church Network. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
4. ^ Mary Pat Fisher (1997). Living Religions: an encyclopedia of the earth's faiths. I.B.Tauris. ISBN9781860641480. Archived from the original on 29 Oct 2013. Retrieved 29 December 2010. Christmas is the celebration of Jesus' birth on world.
5. ^ "Christian Calendar". Jerusalem Center for Jewish-Christian Relations. Archived from the original on 23 July 2011. Retrieved 29 December 2010.
6. ^ Kessler, Edward; Neil Wenborn (2005). A dictionary of Jewish-Christian relations. Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, Britain: Cambridge academy Press. p. 274.
7. ^ Bible - NIV. 2005.
8. ^ "Helgmålsringning". Natinalencyclopedin. Retrieved 29 Dec 2010.
9. ^ "Vatican Today". Archived from the original on 1 January 2011. Retrieved 29 Dec 2010.
10. ^ Forbes, Bruce David, Christmas: a candid history, University of California Printing, 2007, ISBN 0-520-25104-0, pp. 68–79.
11. ^ "Woman knocks Pope down at Christmas Mass". British Broadcasting Company. 25 December 2009.
12. ^ Vermes, Geza. The Nascency: History and Legend. Penguin, 2006
13. ^ ^{a b} Dues, Greg.Cosmic Customs and Traditions: A Popular Guide Twenty-3rd Publications, 2000.
14. ^ ^{a b} Alex Webb (24 December 2001), "Choir that sings to the globe", BBC News
15. ^ Bulgarian Principal Courses Archived 4 January 2009 at the Wayback Auto
16. ^ Христо Вакарелски. Етнография на България. Наука и изкуство. София 1977. с. 500
17. ^ "Vánoční zvyky a tradice, které navodí tu pravou sváteční atmosféru". Novinky.cz . Retrieved 21 December 2020.
18. ^ Hungry holidays: The Filipino Noche Buena GMA News Online. Cristina Tantenco. 22 December 2013. Retrieved five May 2014
19. ^ "Feast of Seven Fishes – A Sicilian Christmas Eve Tradition". Rachael Ray Digital LLC. 2014. Retrieved 14 November 2014. Sicilians traditionally gloat Christmas Eve with a "Banquet of Seven Fishes" which was historically served after a 24-hour fasting period. Although pre-Christmas fasting is non a popular custom notwithstanding expert by Italian-Americans, many still enjoy a meatless Christmas Eve feast.
20. ^ Noche Buena Traditions Archived 2014-05-06 at the Wayback Car Living in Republic of peru. Diana P. Alano. Retrieved 5 May 2014
21. ^ [1] Venezuela Folklore and Traditions. Venezuelan Diplomatic mission to the The states. Retrieved 25 Dec 2014
22. ^ Kubilius, Kerry (2017). "Lithuania Christmas Traditions". world wide web.tripsavvy.com . Retrieved 22 December 2018. In pagan Lithuania, the Christmas commemoration every bit we know information technology today was actually the commemoration of the wintertime solstice.
23. ^ "Lithuania, Christmas in". Retrieved 22 Dec 2018. Hundreds of niggling Christmas Eve formulas and charms offer Lithuanians ways in which to use the events of this evening to predict the future.
24. ^ Grinevičiūtė, Monika (Dec 2018). "Magical Christmas Eve in Lithuania - Kūčios". Retrieved 22 December 2018. One more important thing - it is believed that during the Christmas Eve all family members are coming together to accept dinner. It means the deceased relatives as well, and so for that reason on the table 1 more, additional plate, is always placed.
25. ^ "Lithuanian community and traditions". thelithuanians.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2018. The ritual supper is non eaten until the evening star appears in the sky. Until then, the bathhouse is heated, people bathe and clothes upward in festive dress. The floor was strewn with juniper past the mistress and the main placed handfuls of hay on the table, covered information technology with a white linen tablecloth.
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27. ^ "Lithuanian customs and traditions". thelithuanians.com. Archived from the original on 14 February 2019. Retrieved 22 December 2018. Most frequently the "Kūčia" table was not cleared away, for it was believed that when the family is asleep the souls of the dead come in to eat.
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External links [edit]

reploglebeho1949.blogspot.com

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas_Eve

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